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Elfix/Help:SPARQL

Help:SPARQL gathers a list of SPARQL queries in the context of Lingua Libre, ready to use, alongside with beginner-friendly inline-comments, introductions to concepts, code snippets and a few tools. To dive into it, first check the content's structure visible in the outline. This page allows users not familiar with SPARQL to easily query the LinguaLibre knowledge graph, and to download or directly feed that data into an application. To fit with most frequent uses, the page focuses towards web development.


Draft
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December 2021 rewriting : work in progress, please do not translate yet.
  1. NOW/Opened: General content review. You may help by: a) reading and copy-editing the page's English, b) testing queries on LLQS, edit in or discuss improvements, 3) increase comments' concistency.
  2. Legend: 🇶 minor aspects to improve, see hidden comment ; ❌ query too heavy to run in this page.
  3. Later/not yet: translations.

Help welcome.

Base

Useful elements

Filtres

Tools

On Wikidata, the WDQS allows to practice SPARQL queries creation in an intuitive way.

References

Code snippets

Fetch data using SPARQL

LinguaLibre data can be fetched using various coding languages such as Python, Javascript, R and others, returning JSON or other formats.

  • For code snippet in your language : open query.wikidata.org (WikiData Query Service, aka WDQS), run your SPARQL query, click "Code" : a pop up window appears with various implementations.
  • For downloading data, click "Download".

Javascript:
At least 3 methods exists (code snippet), example:

Query Result's basic unit
SPARQL:
SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item prop:P2 entity:Q5 } LIMIT 10

{ … },
{
  "item": {
    "type": "uri",
    "value": "https://lingualibre.org/entity/Q12"
  },
  "itemLabel": {
    "xml:lang": "en",
    "type": "literal",
    "value": "beginner"
  }
},
{ … }
Javascript: 
var endpoint = 'https://lingualibre.org/sparql';
var sparql = 'SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item prop:P2 entity:Q5 } LIMIT 10';
$.getJSON(endpoint,
	{ query: sparql, format: 'json' },
	function(data){ console.log('JQuery: ',data)}
);

Merging data

Advanced SPARQL queries with COUNT() and others are often slow (>3secs, sometime >100secs). You are encouraged to do multiple smaller SPARQL queries to then merge their responded data. By example, the complementary Javascript snippet below would help web developers to do so. 

// Data from 3 sparql queries.
// Important: One key must be similar in all datasets, here: 'qid'
const langs = [{ qid: 'Q209', label: 'Breton', iso:'bre' }, { qid: 'Q34', label: 'Marathi', iso: 'mar' }],
    speakersFemales = [{ qid: 'Q209', genderF: 3, recordsF: 60 }, { qid: 'Q34', genderF: 21, recordsF:5046 }],
    speakersMales = [{ qid: 'Q209', genderM: 7, recordsM: 218 }, { qid: 'Q34', genderM: 85, recordsM:32964 }];
// Toolbox for merging data by same id
var merge2ArraysBySameId = function(arr1,arr2,id1){
	return arr1.map( item1 => { 
  	var identical = arr2.find(obj => obj[id1] === item1[id1]); 
  	return Object.assign(identical, item1) 
  } );
}
// Mergings
var step1 = merge2ArraysBySameId(langs,speakersFemales,'qid');
var step2 = merge2ArraysBySameId(step1,speakersMales,'qid');
alert(JSON.stringify(step2))

Lingualibre's ground

Is Language (Q4) → List existing languages with: LL Qid, ISO 639-3, Name

This query has been updated to work on Commons SPARQL Endpoint 

SELECT ?lang ?iso ?langLabel
WHERE {
  # First get the relevant languages by first looking up all records
  {
    SELECT DISTINCT ?lang WHERE {
      _:record wdt:P31 wd:Q108167708 ; # Filter to get wd:Q108167708 (pronunciation file)
               wdt:P407 ?lang .        # For each pronunciation file, fetch the language
    }
  }
  
  # From this point on, ?lang is bound. Get the label and ISO code on Wikidata
  SERVICE <https://query.wikidata.org/sparql> {
    ?lang wdt:P31 wd:Q34770 .  # Filter: P31 'instance of' is Q1193409 'language or dialect'.
    ?lang wdt:P220 ?iso .      # Assign value: P220 'ISO-639-3' into ?iso.
  }

  SERVICE wikibase:label {
    # Add label to each variable used.
    # ?lang now has twin variable ?langLabel
    bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "[AUTO_LANGUAGE],en" .
  } 
}
Filtres

Is Speaker (Q3) → List existing speakers

SELECT ?speaker ?speakerLabel
WHERE {
  ?speaker prop:P2 entity:Q3 .  # Filter: P2 'instance of' is Q3 'speaker'.
  # Add labels to each variable used.
  SERVICE wikibase:label {
    bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "[AUTO_LANGUAGE],en" .
  } 
}
Filtres

Is Language level (Q5) → List existing levels

SELECT ?item ?itemLabel
WHERE {
  ?item prop:P2 entity:Q5    # Filter: P2 'instance of' is Q5 'language level'.
  # Add labels to each variable used.
  SERVICE wikibase:label {
    bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "[AUTO_LANGUAGE],en" .
  } 
}
Filtres

Is Sex or Gender (Q7) → List existing sexes or genders

SELECT ?item ?itemLabel
WHERE {
  ?item prop:P2 entity:Q7    # Filter: P2 'instance of' is Q7 'sex or gender'.
  # Add labels to each variable used.
  SERVICE wikibase:label {
    bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "[AUTO_LANGUAGE],en" .
  } 
}
Filtres

Speaker

🇶 Speaker name(s) → Speaker Qid(s)

SELECT ?speakerName ?speakerId
WHERE {
  VALUES ?speakerName { "Yug" "VIGNERON" } # Assign value: one or multiple values
  # note: need to comment BIND
  BIND ( STRLANG(?speakerName, "en") AS ?speakerLabel )
  # Grammatical note: ';' allows to chain actions 
  ?speakerId prop:P2 entity:Q3 ;        # Filter: P2 'instance of' is Q3 'speaker'.
             rdfs:label ?speakerLabel . # Filter by value: label equal ?speakerLabel's value
}
Filtres

🇶 Speaker Qid (Q445757) → Speaker data, all

# Get Q445757 (User:SangeetaRH‎)'s data
SELECT ?anyProperty ?anyValue ?anyValueLabel
WHERE {
  entity:Q445757 ?anyProperty ?anyValue .  # Filter: of Q445757 'SangeetaRH‎', get any property and any values
  # Add labels
  SERVICE wikibase:label {
    bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "[AUTO_LANGUAGE],en" .
  } 
}
Filtres

🇶 Speaker Qid (Q445757) → Speaker languages (P4)

SELECT ?languages ?languagesLabel
WHERE {
  entity:Q445757 prop:P4 ?languages . # Assign value: for Q445757 'SangeetaRH‎', P4 'language' into ?languages
  # Add labels
  SERVICE wikibase:label {
    bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "[AUTO_LANGUAGE],en" .
  } 
}
Filtres

Speaker Qid (Q445757) + Language LL Qid (Q34) → List records

SELECT ?audio ?audioLabel
WHERE {
  ?audio prop:P5 entity:Q445757 .   # Filter: P5 Speaker is Q445757 User:SangeetaRH‎
  ?audio prop:P4 entity:Q34 .   # Filter: P4 language is Q34 Marathi
  # Add labels
  SERVICE wikibase:label {
    bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "[AUTO_LANGUAGE],en" .
  } 
}
Filtres

Speaker Qid (Q445757) + Language LL Qid (Q34) → Count records

SELECT ?language ?speakerLabel (COUNT(?audio) AS ?audio)
WHERE {
  VALUES ?language { entity:Q34 }  # Assign value: Q34 'Marathi' into ?language  
  VALUES ?speaker { entity:Q445757 }   # Assign value: Q445757 'SangeetaRH‎' into ?speaker 
  ?audio prop:P5 ?speaker .   # Filter: P5 'speaker' is Q445757 'SangeetaRH‎'
  ?audio prop:P4 ?language .  # Filter: P4 'language' is Q34 'Marathi'
  ?audio prop:P2 entity:Q2 .  # Filter: P2 'instance of' is Q2 'record'
  # Add labels
  SERVICE wikibase:label {bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "[AUTO_LANGUAGE],en"} 
}
GROUP BY ?language ?speakerLabel  # Sorting first groups per language and speaker
Filtres

Is Speaker (Q3) → List of accounts and associated speakers

SELECT ?linkedUser ?speakerLabel (SUBSTR(STR(?speaker),32) AS ?speakerQid)
WHERE {
  ?speaker prop:P2 entity:Q3 .  # Filter: P2 'instance of' is Q3 'speaker'.
  ?speaker prop:P11 ?linkedUser . # Assign value: P11 'linked users' into ?linkedUser.
  # Add labels
  SERVICE wikibase:label {
    bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "[AUTO_LANGUAGE],en" .
  } 
} ORDER BY DESC (?speakerLabel)
Filtres

Languages

🇶 Language name(s) in English → Language LL Qid(s)

SELECT ?languageId ?languageName
WHERE {
  VALUES ?languageName { "Marathi" "Atikamekw" "Central Bikol" } # Target values
  ?languageId 
    prop:P2 entity:Q4 ;          # Filter: P2 'instance of' is Q4 'language' AND
    rdfs:label ?languageLabel .  # Assign value label into ?languageLabel
  BIND ( STRLANG(?languageName, "en") AS ?languageLabel ) # Bind filter by English
}
Filtres

Language ISO-639-3 → Language LL Qid(s), Wikidata Qid, Label

SELECT ?langIso ?langId ?langWDQid ?langIdLabel
WHERE {
  VALUES ?langIso { "mar" "bre" "bcl" "atj" "ban" } # Target ISO values
  ?langId 
    prop:P2 entity:Q4 ;    # Filter: P2 'instance of' is Q4 'language' AND
    prop:P13 ?langIso ;    # Assign value: P13 'Iso-639-3' to ?langIso AND
    prop:P12 ?langWDQid .  # Assign value: P12 'Iso-639-3' to ?langWDQid
  # Labels
  SERVICE wikibase:label {bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "[AUTO_LANGUAGE],en"}
}
Filtres

Language LL Qid (Q34) → Count items

SELECT ?language (COUNT(?item) AS ?items) WHERE {
  VALUES ?language { entity:Q34 }
  ?item prop:P4 ?language .
}
GROUP BY ?language
Filtres

Language LL Qid (Q34) → Count records

SELECT ?language (COUNT(?audio) AS ?audios) WHERE {
  VALUES ?language { entity:Q34 }
  ?audio prop:P2 entity:Q2 .  # Filter: P2 'instance of' is Q2 'record'
  ?audio prop:P4 ?language .  # Filter: P4 'language' is Q34 'Marathi'
}
GROUP BY ?language
Filtres

🇶 Language LL Qid (Q34) → Count unique words, audios, ratio

SELECT ?language 
  (COUNT(DISTINCT(?itemLabel)) AS ?words)  # Count and assign value to ?Audio
  (COUNT(?audio) as ?audios) 
  (ROUND(10000*?words/?audios)/100 AS ?percent)
WHERE {
  VALUES ?language { entity:Q34 }
  ?audio prop:P4 ?language .  # Filter: P4 'language' is Q34 'Marathi'
  ?audio prop:P2 entity:Q2 .  # Filter: P2 'instance of' is Q2 'record'
  ?audio rdfs:label ?itemLabel. # Assign value: label to ?itemLabel
}
GROUP BY ?language
Filtres

Language LL Qid (Q34) → Count speakers

SELECT ?language (COUNT(?audio) AS ?audio) WHERE {
  VALUES ?language { entity:Q34 }
  ?audio prop:P2 entity:Q3 .  # P2 'instance of' is Q3 'speaker'
  ?audio prop:P4 ?language .  # P4 'language' is Q34 'Marathi'
}
GROUP BY ?language
Filtres

Language LL Qid (Q209) → List speakers

SELECT ?language ?speaker ?speakerLabel WHERE {
  VALUES ?language { entity:Q209 }
  ?speaker prop:P2 entity:Q3 .  # P2 'instance of' is Q3 'speaker'
  ?speaker prop:P4 ?language .  # P4 'language' is Q34 'Marathi'
  # Labels
  SERVICE wikibase:label {
    bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "[AUTO_LANGUAGE],en" .
  } 
}
Filtres


Language LL Qid (Q209) → Language data, all

'Case: Get for language Q209 'Breton' all its data. 

SELECT * WHERE {
  # Given Q209 'Breton language', get all properties and values
  entity:Q209 ?predicate ?object .
}
Filtres

Language LL Qid (Q209) → Language data, core

SELECT * WHERE {
  # Given Q209 'Breton language', get all properties and values
  entity:Q209 ?predicate ?object .
  ?predicate rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty .
}
Filtres

Language LL Qid (Q209) → Property P13 (ISO 639-3)

SELECT * WHERE {
  entity:Q209 prop:P13 ?iso . # Assign value : Q209 'Breton', P13 'ISO 639-3', value into ?iso
}
Filtres

Languages → List existing languages' iso-639-3

SELECT * WHERE {
  ?lang prop:P13 ?code .
}
Filtres

🇶 Language WD Qid → Language data, core

SELECT * WHERE {
  ?lang prop:P12 "Q12107" .  # Filter: P12 'Wikidata id' is Wikidata's "Q12107"
  ?lang ?predicate ?object . # 
  ?predicate rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty .
}
Filtres

Records

Record LL Qid (Q500) → Record data, all

SELECT * WHERE {
  entity:Q500 ?predicate ?object .
  # ?predicate rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty .
}
Filtres

Record LL Qid (Q500) → Record data, core

SELECT * WHERE {
  entity:Q500 ?predicate ?object .
  ?predicate rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty .
}
Filtres


Language (Q22) + String → Record LL Qid(s)

SELECT ?itemLabel ?item
WHERE { 
  ?item prop:P2 entity:Q2 .    # Filter: P2 'instance of' Q3 'record'
  ?item prop:P4 entity:Q22 .    # Filter: P4 'language' is Q22 'English'
  ?item prop:P7 "apple".
} limit 10
Filtres

Language (Q209) + Speaker (Q584098) + String (ni) → Record LL Qid

Case: Search in Breton language, with speaker 'ThonyVezbe', 

SELECT ?audio ?urlPointer
WHERE {
  ?audio prop:P4 entity:Q209 .    # P4 'language' is Q209 'Breton'
  ?audio prop:P5 entity:Q584098 . # P5 'speaker' is Q584098 'ThonyVezbe'
  ?audio prop:P7 "ni".
  ?audio prop:P3 ?urlPointer.
}
Filtres

Language (Q21) + Speaker (Q137047) + String → URL pointer, filename

SELECT ?audio ?urlPointer
  (REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(SUBSTR(STR(?urlPointer),52),"%20","_"),"%28","("),"%29",")") AS ?filename)
WHERE {
  ?audio prop:P4 entity:Q21 .      # Filter: P4 'language' is Q21 'French'
  ?audio prop:P5 entity:Q138644 .  # Filter: P5 'speaker' is Q137047 'Aemines1'
  ?audio prop:P7 "pomme".
  ?audio prop:P3 ?urlPointer.
}
Filtres

Files on Commons about records in Punjabi with transcription and LinguaLibre identifier

SELECT * WHERE {
  ?m wdt:P31 wd:Q108167708 ; #record
     wdt:P407 wd:Q58635 ; #in Punjabi
     wdt:P9533 ?transcription ; #with transcription
     wdt:P10369 ?idLili . #with LinguaLibre identifier
}
LIMIT 100

Heavy queries

Queries below are too large to run on LinguaLibre's wikipages, or even on Lingualibre Query Service).
To do: do smaller sub-queries, with one COUNT() function.

❌ Languages → Name, Wikidata Qid, LLQid, Iso-639-3, and genders

Query Result 
SELECT ?languageQidLabel ?wdQid ?languageQid ?isoCode 
(COUNT(DISTINCT(?record)) AS ?recordCount)
(COUNT(DISTINCT(?speakerLangM)) AS ?speakerM) 
(COUNT(DISTINCT(?speakerLangF)) AS ?speakerF)
wWHERE{
  ?record prop:P2 entity:Q2 .     # Filter: items where P2 'instance of' is Q2 'record'
  ?record prop:P4 ?languageQid .  # Assign value: P4 'language' into variable ?language
  ?languageQid prop:P12 ?wdQid .  # Assign value: P12 'wikidata id' into variable ?WD
  ?languageQid prop:P13 ?isoCode. # Assign value: P13 'iso639-3' into ?isoCode
  
  #?record prop:P5 ?speakerQidM .   # Assign value: P5 'speaker' into variable ?speakerQidM
  #?speakerQidM prop:P8 entity:Q16 .   # Filter: P8 'sex or gender' is Q16 'male
  #?speakerQidM prop:P4 ?speakerLangM .  # Assign value: P4 'language' into variable ?spakerLangM
  
  ?record prop:P5 ?speakerQidF .   # Assign value: P5 'speaker' into variable ?speakerQidF
  ?speakerQidF prop:P8 entity:Q17 .   # Filter: P8 'sex or gender' is Q17 'female
  ?speakerQidF prop:P4 ?speakerLangF .  # Assign value: P4 'language' into variable ?spakerLangF
  
  SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "en" . } 
}
GROUP BY ?languageQidLabel ?languageQid ?wdQid ?isoCode
ORDER BY DESC(?recordCount)

languageQidLabel	wdQid	languageQid	isoCode	recordCount	speakerM	speakerF
French	Q150	Q21	fra	16761	0	18
Marathi	Q1571	Q34	mar	13153	0	5
Polish	Q809	Q298	pol	11686	0	1
…

❌ Is Language (Q3) → list all languages with number of unique words and speakers

SELECT ?language (COUNT(?audio) AS ?nbAudio) (COUNT(?speaker) AS ?nbSpeaker) WHERE {
  ?language prop:P2 entity:Q4 .
  ?audio prop:P4 ?language .
  ?speaker prop:P4 ?language .
}
GROUP BY ?language

Others

(These old queries are not assessed yet.)

Language (Q209) → Record, speaker's language level

select ?record ?recordLabel ?speakerLabel ?languageLabel ?languageLevelLabel
where {
  ?record prop:P2 entity:Q2   # Filter: P2 'instance of' is Q2 'record' AND P4
	; prop:P4 entity:Q209 .   # AND P4 'language' is Q209 'Breton'
  ?record prop:P5 ?speaker .  # Assign value: record's P5 'speaker' into ?speaker
  ?record prop:P4 ?language . # Assign value: record's P4 'language' into ?language
  
  ?speaker llp:P4 ?languageStatement .    # P4 'language'
  ?languageStatement llv:P4 ?language .   # P4 'language'
  ?languageStatement llq:P16 ?languageLevel . # P16 'language level'
  # Adds labels
  SERVICE wikibase:label {
    bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "[AUTO_LANGUAGE],en" .
  } 
} ORDER BY ?languageLabel ?languageLevelLabel
Filtres

Language (Q34) → Records of Wikidata concepts with WD Qid (P12)

Those items were proposed to Lingualibre's recorder at step 3 via a SPARQL query upon Wikidata, so those words have WD's Qids.
SELECT ?languageLabel ?recordLabel ?record ?wid
WHERE {
  ?record prop:P2 entity:Q2 .    # Filter: P2 'instance of' is Q2 'record'
  ?record prop:P4 entity:Q34 .  # Filter: P4 'language' is Q34 'Marathi'
  ?record prop:P4 ?language .    # Assign value: record's P4 'language' to variable ?language
  ?record prop:P12 ?wid .        # Assign value: record's P12 'wikidata id' to variable ?wid
  # Add labels capability
  SERVICE wikibase:label {
    bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "[AUTO_LANGUAGE],en" .
  } 
}
Filtres

Records → Filter by date: late 2018

SELECT
(COUNT(DISTINCT ?speaker) AS ?speakers)
(COUNT(DISTINCT ?record) AS ?records)
WHERE {
  ?record prop:P2 entity:Q2 .
  ?record prop:P6 ?date .
  ?record prop:P5 ?speaker .
  # Filters:
  FILTER(?date >= "2018-07-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime)
  FILTER(?date < "2019-01-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime)
}
Filtres

See also

Lingua Libre technical helps
Template {{Speakers category}} • {{Recommended lists}} • {{To iso 639-2}} • {{To iso 639-3}} • {{Userbox-records}} • {{Bot steps}}
Audio files How to create a frequency list? • Convert files formats • Denoise files with SoX • Rename and mass rename
Bots Help:Bots • LinguaLibre:Bot • Help:Log in to Lingua Libre with Pywikibot • Lingua Libre Bot (gh) • Olafbot • PamputtBot • Dragons Bot (gh)
MediaWiki MediaWiki: Help:Documentation opérationelle Mediawiki • Help:Database structure • Help:CSS • Help:Rename • Help:OAuth • LinguaLibre:User rights (rate limit) • Module:Lingua Libre record & {{Lingua Libre record}} • JS scripts: MediaWiki:Common.js • LastAudios.js • SoundLibrary.js • ItemsSugar.js • LexemeQueriesGenerator.js (pad) • Sparql2data.js (pad) • LanguagesGallery.js (pad) • Gadgets: Gadget-LinguaImporter.js • Gadget-Demo.js • Gadget-RecentNonAudio.js • LiLiZip.js
Queries Help:APIs • Help:SPARQL • SPARQL (intermediate) (stub) • SPARQL for lexemes (stub) • SPARQL for maintenance • Lingualibre:Wikidata (stub) • Help:SPARQL (HAL)
Reuses Help:Download datasets • Help:Embed audio in HTML
Unstable & tests Help:SPARQL/test
Categories Category:Technical reports
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