Help

SPARQL

Revision as of 09:55, 11 December 2021 by Yug (talk | contribs)

Help:SPARQL gathers a list of basic SPARQL queries in the context of Lingua Libre, demoed and ready to test, together with beginners-friendly knowledges, inline-comments, introductions to concepts, code snippets and few tools. This page allows users not familiar with SPARQL to rapidly learn the basics of SPARQL, query the LinguaLibre database, and to download or directly feed that data to an application. To fit the with most frequent usages, the case of a web developper with basic Javascripts skill is taken.


Draft
Twemoji12 1f3d7.svg
Twemoji12 1f3d7.svg

December 2021 rewriting : work in progress, please do not translate yet.
  1. Check-green.svg Done Gather SPARQL queries related to: core, speakers, languages, audios.
  2. NOW: Improve Base section with core SPARQL concepts.
  3. NOW: General review, volunteers wanted. You may help by: a) reading and copy-editing the page's English, b) testing queries on LLQS, edit in or discuss improvements, 3) harmonising in-line comments.
  4. NOW: De-Westernization, replacing Q21 (French) and Q42 (User:0x010C) by a smaller non-western languages and users.

Help welcome.

Base

Tools

On Wikidata, the WDQS allows to practice SPARQL queries creation in an intuitive way.

References

Code snippets

Fetch data using SPARQL

LinguaLibre data can be fetched using various coding languages such as Python, Javascript, R and others, returning JSON or other formats.

  • For code snippet in your language : open query.wikidata.org (WikiData Query Service, aka WDQS), run your SPARQL query, click "Code" : a pop up window appears with various implementations.
  • For downloading data, click "Download".

Javascript:
At least 3 methods exists (code snippet), example:

Query Result's basic unit
SPARQL:
SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item prop:P2 entity:Q5 } LIMIT 10

{ … },
{
  "item": {
    "type": "uri",
    "value": "https://lingualibre.org/entity/Q12"
  },
  "itemLabel": {
    "xml:lang": "en",
    "type": "literal",
    "value": "beginner"
  }
},
{ … }
Javascript: 
var endpoint = 'https://lingualibre.org/sparql';
var sparql = 'SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item prop:P2 entity:Q5 } LIMIT 10';
$.getJSON(endpoint,
	{ query: sparql, format: 'json' },
	function(data){ console.log('JQuery: ',data)}
);

Merging data

Advanced SPARQL queries with COUNT() and others are often slow (>3secs, sometime >100secs). You are encouraged to do multiple smaller SPARQL queries to then merge their responded data. By example, the complementary Javascript snippet below would help web developers to do so. 

// Data from 3 sparql queries.
// Important: One key must be similar in all datasets, here: 'qid'
const langs = [{ qid: 'Q209', label: 'Breton', iso:'bre' }, { qid: 'Q21', label: 'French', iso: 'fra' }],
    speakersFemales = [{ qid: 'Q209', genderF: 3, recordsF: 60 }, { qid: 'Q21', genderF: 21, recordsF:15046 }],
    speakersMales = [{ qid: 'Q209', genderM: 7, recordsM: 112 }, { qid: 'Q21', genderM: 85, recordsM:82964 }];
// Toolbox for merging data by same id
var merge2ArraysBySameId = function(arr1,arr2,id1){
	return arr1.map( item1 => { 
  	var identical = arr2.find(obj => obj[id1] === item1[id1]); 
  	return Object.assign(identical, item1) 
  } );
}
// Mergings
var step1 = merge2ArraysBySameId(langs,speakersFemales,'qid');
var step2 = merge2ArraysBySameId(step1,speakersMales,'qid');
alert(JSON.stringify(step2))

Lingualibre's ground

✅ Is Language (Q4) → List existing languages with: LL Qid, ISO 639-3, Name

SELECT ?lang ?iso ?langLabel WHERE {
  ?lang prop:P2 entity:Q4 .
  ?lang prop:P13 ?iso .
  SERVICE wikibase:label {
    bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "[AUTO_LANGUAGE],en" .
  } 
}
... Loading ...

✅🇶 Is Speaker (Q3) → List existing speakers

SELECT ?speaker ?speakerLabel
WHERE {
  ?speaker prop:P2 entity:Q3 .  # Condition 1, P2 'instance of' is Q3 'speaker'.
  SERVICE wikibase:label {
    bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "[AUTO_LANGUAGE],en" .
  } 
}
... Loading ...

✅ Is Language level (Q5) → List existing levels

SELECT ?item ?itemLabel
WHERE {
  ?item prop:P2 entity:Q5    # Condition 1, P2 'instance of' is Q5 'language level'.
  SERVICE wikibase:label {
    bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "[AUTO_LANGUAGE],en" .
  } 
}
... Loading ...

✅ Is Sex or Gender (Q7) → List existing sexes or genders

SELECT ?item ?itemLabel
WHERE {
  ?item prop:P2 entity:Q7    # Condition 1, P2 'instance of' is Q7 'sex or gender'.
  SERVICE wikibase:label {
    bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "[AUTO_LANGUAGE],en" .
  } 
}
... Loading ...

Speaker

✅ Speaker name(s) → Speaker Qid(s)

SELECT ?speakerName ?speakerId
WHERE {
  VALUES ?speakerName { "Yug" "VIGNERON" } # One or multiple values
  BIND ( STRLANG(?speakerName, "en") AS ?speakerLabel )
  # P2: instance of; Q3: speaker.
  ?speakerId prop:P2 entity:Q3 ; rdfs:label ?speakerLabel .
}
... Loading ...

✅🇶 Speaker Qid (Q42) → Speaker data, all

# Get Q42 (User:0x010C)'s data
SELECT ?predicate ?object ?objectLabel
WHERE {
  entity:Q42 ?predicate ?object .
  SERVICE wikibase:label {
    bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "[AUTO_LANGUAGE],en" .
  } 
}
... Loading ...

✅🇶 Speaker Qid (Q42) → Speaker languages (P4)

SELECT ?languages ?languagesLabel
WHERE {
  entity:Q42 prop:P4 ?languages .
  SERVICE wikibase:label {
    bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "[AUTO_LANGUAGE],en" .
  } 
}
... Loading ...

✅ Speaker Qid (Q42) + Language LL Qid (Q21) → List records

SELECT ?audio ?audioLabel
WHERE {
  ?audio prop:P5 entity:Q42 .   # Filter: P5 Speaker is Q42 User:0x010C
  ?audio prop:P4 entity:Q21 .   # Filter: P4 language is Q21 French
  # Labels
  SERVICE wikibase:label {
    bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "[AUTO_LANGUAGE],en" .
  } 
}
... Loading ...

✅ Speaker Qid (Q42) + Language LL Qid (Q21) → Count records

SELECT ?language ?speakerLabel (COUNT(?audio) AS ?audio)
WHERE {
  VALUES ?language { entity:Q21 }
  VALUES ?speaker { entity:Q42 }
  ?audio prop:P5 ?speaker .   # Filter: P5 'speaker' is Q42 '0x010C'
  ?audio prop:P4 ?language .  # Filter: P4 'language' is Q21 'French'
  ?audio prop:P2 entity:Q2 .  # Filter: P2 'instance of' is Q2 'record'
  # Labels
  SERVICE wikibase:label {bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "[AUTO_LANGUAGE],en"} 
}
GROUP BY ?language ?speakerLabel
... Loading ...

Languages

?✅ Language name(s) in English → Language LL Qid(s)

SELECT ?languageId ?languageName
WHERE {
  VALUES ?languageName { "Marathi" "Atikamekw" "Central Bikol" } # Target values
  ?languageId 
    prop:P2 entity:Q4 ;          # Filter: P2 'instance of' is Q4 'language' AND
    rdfs:label ?languageLabel .  # Assign value label into ?languageLabel
  BIND ( STRLANG(?languageName, "en") AS ?languageLabel ) # Bind filter by English
}
... Loading ...

✅ Language ISO-639-3 → Language LL Qid(s), Wikidata Qid, Label

SELECT ?langIso ?langId ?langWDQid ?langIdLabel
WHERE {
  VALUES ?langIso { "mar" "bre" "bcl" "atj" "ban" } # Target ISO values
  ?langId 
    prop:P2 entity:Q4 ;    # Filter P2 'instance of' is Q4 'language' AND
    prop:P13 ?langIso ;    # Assign value: P13 'Iso-639-3' to ?langIso AND
    prop:P12 ?langWDQid .  # Assign value: P12 'Iso-639-3' to ?langWDQid
  # Labels
  SERVICE wikibase:label {bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "[AUTO_LANGUAGE],en"}
}
... Loading ...

✅ Language LL Qid (Q21) → Count items

SELECT ?language (COUNT(?item) AS ?items) WHERE {
  VALUES ?language { entity:Q21 }
  ?item prop:P4 ?language .
}
GROUP BY ?language
... Loading ...

✅ Language LL Qid (Q21) → Count records

SELECT ?language (COUNT(?audio) AS ?audios) WHERE {
  VALUES ?language { entity:Q21 }
  ?audio prop:P2 entity:Q2 .  # P2 'instance of' is Q2 'record'
  ?audio prop:P4 ?language .  # P4 'language' is Q21 'French'
}
GROUP BY ?language
... Loading ...

?✅ Language LL Qid (Q21) → Count unique words

SELECT ?language 
  (COUNT(?audio) as ?audios)               # Count and assign value to ?Audio
  (COUNT(DISTINCT(?itemLabel)) AS ?words)  
  (ROUND(10000*?words/?audios)/100 AS ?percent)
WHERE {
  VALUES ?language { entity:Q21 }
  ?audio prop:P2 entity:Q2 .  # Filter: P2 'instance of' is Q2 'record'
  ?audio prop:P4 ?language .  # Filter: P4 'language' is Q21 'French'
  ?audio rdfs:label ?itemLabel. # Assign value: label to ?itemLabel
}
GROUP BY ?language
... Loading ...

✅ Language LL Qid (Q21) → Count speakers

SELECT ?language (COUNT(?audio) AS ?audio) WHERE {
  VALUES ?language { entity:Q21 }
  ?audio prop:P2 entity:Q3 .  # P2 'instance of' is Q3 'speaker'
  ?audio prop:P4 ?language .  # P4 'language' is Q21 'French'
}
GROUP BY ?language
... Loading ...

✅ Language LL Qid (Q209) → List speakers

SELECT ?language ?speaker ?speakerLabel WHERE {
  VALUES ?language { entity:Q209 }
  ?speaker prop:P2 entity:Q3 .  # P2 'instance of' is Q3 'speaker'
  ?speaker prop:P4 ?language .  # P4 'language' is Q21 'French'
  # Labels
  SERVICE wikibase:label {
    bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "[AUTO_LANGUAGE],en" .
  } 
}
... Loading ...


✅ Language LL Qid (Q209) → Language data, all

'Case: Get for language Q209 'Breton' all its data. 

SELECT * WHERE {
  # Given Q209 'Breton language', get all properties and values
  entity:Q209 ?predicate ?object .
}
... Loading ...

✅ Language LL Qid (Q209) → Language data, core

SELECT * WHERE {
  # Given Q209 'Breton language', get all properties and values
  entity:Q209 ?predicate ?object .
  ?predicate rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty .
}
... Loading ...

✅ Language LL Qid (Q209) → Property P13 (ISO 639-3)

SELECT * WHERE {
  entity:Q209 prop:P13 ?iso . # Assign value : Q209 'Breton', P13 'ISO 639-3', value into ?iso
}
... Loading ...

✅ Languages → List existing languages' iso-639-3

SELECT * WHERE {
  ?lang prop:P13 ?code .
}
... Loading ...

✅ Language WD Qid → Language data, core

SELECT * WHERE {
  ?lang prop:P12 "Q12107" .  # P12 'Wikidata id' is Wikidata's "Q12107"
  ?lang ?predicate ?object . # 
  ?predicate rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty .
}
... Loading ...

Records

✅ Record LL Qid (Q500) → Record data, all

SELECT * WHERE {
  entity:Q500 ?predicate ?object .
  # ?predicate rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty .
}
... Loading ...

✅ Record LL Qid (Q500) → Record data, core

SELECT * WHERE {
  entity:Q500 ?predicate ?object .
  ?predicate rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty .
}
... Loading ...


✅ Language (Q22) + String → Record LL Qid(s)

SELECT ?itemLabel ?item
WHERE { 
  ?item prop:P2 entity:Q2 .    # Filter: P2 'instance of' Q3 'record'
  ?item prop:P4 entity:Q22 .    # Filter: P4 'language' is Q22 'English'
  ?item rdfs:label ?itemLabel. # Assign value: label to ?itemLabel
  FILTER(CONTAINS(?itemLabel, "apple"@en)). 
} limit 10
... Loading ...

✅ Language (Q209) + Speaker (Q584098) + String (ni) → Record LL Qid

Case: Search in Breton language, with speaker 'ThonyVezbe', 

SELECT ?audio
WHERE {
  ?audio prop:P4 entity:Q209 .    # P4 'language' is Q209 'Breton'
  ?audio prop:P5 entity:Q584098 . # P5 'speaker' is Q584098 'ThonyVezbe'
  ?audio rdfs:label ?word . #word
  FILTER ( STR(?word) = "ni" )    # word = 'ni'
}
... Loading ...

✅ Language (Q21) + Speaker (Q137047) + String → URL pointer, filename

SELECT ?word ?audio ?urlPointer
  (replace(replace(replace(substr(STR(?urlPointer),52),"%20","_"),"%28","("),"%29",")") AS ?filename)
WHERE {
  ?audio prop:P4 entity:Q21 .      # Filter: P4 'language' is Q21 'French'
  ?audio prop:P5 entity:Q137047 .  # Filter: P5 'speaker' is Q137047 'Justforoc'
  ?audio rdfs:label ?word .        # Assign value: label to ?word
  #Filter: ?word with 'pomme' in French, non case-sensitive
  FILTER REGEX(?word, "pomme"@fr, "i" ) .
  ?audio prop:P3 ?urlPointer
}
... Loading ...

Heavy queries

Queries below are too large to run on LinguaLibre's wikipages, or even on Lingualibre Query Service).
To do: do smaller sub-queries, with one COUNT() function.

❌ Languages → Name, Wikidata Qid, LLQid, Iso-639-3, and genders

Query Result 
SELECT ?languageQidLabel ?wdQid ?languageQid ?isoCode 
(COUNT(DISTINCT(?record)) AS ?recordCount)
(COUNT(DISTINCT(?speakerLangM)) AS ?speakerM) 
(COUNT(DISTINCT(?speakerLangF)) AS ?speakerF)
wWHERE{
  ?record prop:P2 entity:Q2 .     # Filter: items where P2 'instance of' is Q2 'record'
  ?record prop:P4 ?languageQid .  # Assign value: P4 'language' into variable ?language
  ?languageQid prop:P12 ?wdQid .  # Assign value: P12 'wikidata id' into variable ?WD
  ?languageQid prop:P13 ?isoCode. # Assign value: P13 'iso639-3' into ?isoCode
  
  #?record prop:P5 ?speakerQidM .   # Assign value: P5 'speaker' into variable ?speakerQidM
  #?speakerQidM prop:P8 entity:Q16 .   # Filter: P8 'sex or gender' is Q16 'male
  #?speakerQidM prop:P4 ?speakerLangM .  # Assign value: P4 'language' into variable ?spakerLangM
  
  ?record prop:P5 ?speakerQidF .   # Assign value: P5 'speaker' into variable ?speakerQidF
  ?speakerQidF prop:P8 entity:Q17 .   # Filter: P8 'sex or gender' is Q17 'female
  ?speakerQidF prop:P4 ?speakerLangF .  # Assign value: P4 'language' into variable ?spakerLangF
  
  SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "en" . } 
}
GROUP BY ?languageQidLabel ?languageQid ?wdQid ?isoCode
ORDER BY DESC(?recordCount)

languageQidLabel	wdQid	languageQid	isoCode	recordCount	speakerM	speakerF
French	Q150	Q21	fra	16761	0	18
Marathi	Q1571	Q34	mar	13153	0	5
Polish	Q809	Q298	pol	11686	0	1
…

❌ Is Language (Q3) → list all languages with number of unique words and speakers

SELECT ?language (COUNT(?audio) AS ?nbAudio) (COUNT(?speaker) AS ?nbSpeaker) WHERE {
  ?language prop:P2 entity:Q4 .
  ?audio prop:P4 ?language .
  ?speaker prop:P4 ?language .
}
GROUP BY ?language

Others

(These old queries are not assessed yet.)

✅ Language (Q209) → Record, speaker's language level

select ?record ?recordLabel ?speakerLabel ?languageLabel ?languageLevelLabel
where {
  ?record prop:P2 entity:Q2   # Filter: P2 'instance of' is Q2 'record' AND P4
	; prop:P4 entity:Q209 .   # AND P4 'language' is Q209 'Breton'
  ?record prop:P5 ?speaker .  # Assign value: record's P5 'speaker' into ?speaker
  ?record prop:P4 ?language . # Assign value: record's P4 'language' into ?language
  
  ?speaker llp:P4 ?languageStatement .    # P4 'language'
  ?languageStatement llv:P4 ?language .   # P4 'language'
  ?languageStatement llq:P16 ?languageLevel . # P16 'language level'
  # Adds labels
  SERVICE wikibase:label {
    bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "[AUTO_LANGUAGE],en" .
  } 
} ORDER BY ?languageLabel ?languageLevelLabel
... Loading ...

✅ Language (Q34) → Records of Wikidata concepts with WD Qid (P12)

SELECT ?languageLabel ?recordLabel ?record ?wid
WHERE {
  ?record prop:P2 entity:Q2 .    # Filter: P2 'instance of' is Q2 'record'
  ?record prop:P4 entity:Q34 .  # Filter: P4 'language' is Q34 'Marathi'
  ?record prop:P4 ?language .    # Assign value: record's P4 'language' to variable ?language
  ?record prop:P12 ?wid .        # Assign value: record's P12 'wikidata id' to variable ?wid
  # Add labels capability
  SERVICE wikibase:label {
    bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "[AUTO_LANGUAGE],en" .
  } 
}
... Loading ...

❌ Language (Q34) → Wikidata Qid(s) → Geo-coordinates

PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX ll: <https://lingualibre.org/entity/> 
PREFIX llt: <https://lingualibre.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX lltn: <https://lingualibre.org/prop/direct-normalized/>

select distinct ?record ?transcription ?languageLabel ?wdQid ?wdQidLabel ?wdLabel ?coord
where {
  ?record llt:P2 ll:Q2 . # Filter: P2 'instance of' is Q2 'record'
  ?record llt:P4 ll:Q34 .          # Filter: record's P4 'language' is Q34 'Marathi'
  ?record llt:P4 ?language .       # Assign value: record's P4 'language' to variable ?language
  ?record llt:P7 ?transcription .  # Assign value: record's P7 'transcription' to variable ?transcription
  ?record lltn:P12 ?wdQid . # Assign value: record's P12 'wikidata id' to variable ?wikidataItem
  
  SERVICE <https://query.wikidata.org/sparql> {
    OPTIONAL { ?wdQid wdt:P625 ?coord . } # Assign value: wikidata item's wd:P625 'coordinates' to variable ?coord
    OPTIONAL {
      ?wdQid rdfs:label ?wdLabel . # Assign value: wikidata item's label to variable ?wikidataLabel
     FILTER (LANG(?wdLabel) = "en") . # Filter: default language, else English
    }
  }

  SERVICE wikibase:label {
    bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "[AUTO_LANGUAGE],en" .
  } 
}
Result type:
record	transcription	languageLabel	wdQid	wdQidLabel	wdLabel	coord
Q196212	Tathavade	Marathi	Q2719024	Q2719024	Tathavade	Point(73.74 18.62)
Q428904	Jambavade	Marathi	Q24894740	Q24894740	Jambavade	Point(73.85 18.51)
Q428900	Dhangavhan	Marathi	Q24885008	Q24885008	Dhangavhan	Point(73.85 18.52)
…

See also

Retrieved from "https://lingualibre.org/index.php?title=Help:SPARQL&oldid=690673"